Aristotle still rocks: Ethos, logos and pathos = Effective persuasion

For ten years, I taught persuasive writing in the College of Communications at Marquette University.  The primary text was Aristotle's Rhetoric.  As someone who uses the principles of ethos (shared values), logos (demonstration of expertise) and pathos (acknowledgement of feelings) every day to create persuasive content and copy for my clients in the legal industry, imagine my pleasure when I saw this great post by fellow copywriter Amy Harrison on Copyblogger!

Aristotle's Ancient Guide to Compelling Copy

The ultimate storyteller: Ira Glass Comes to Denver

Last night, master storyteller Ira Glass of This American Life was in Denver  to speak at a fundraiser for Colorado Public Radio.  The Paramount Theater was packed to the (very ornate) rafters with fans of all ages -- from tatooed hipsters through grey-haired grandparents.  The energy was palpable.  He used stories to hold the audience in his hand for two solid hours.

Glass spoke on how to tell a good story -- but also, more importantly, on why to tell a story.  There is no better way to create empathy, and empathy is essential to persuation.  He strongly believes that emotion should be interwoven with the news -- not limited to a humorous or "human interest" segment tagged onto the end of traditional news programming.

Glass also included lots of audio examples to illustrate his points (another good tactic!).

If you get the chance to see Ira Glass in person, take it.  It is worth every cent.  Otherwise, tune into This American Life on your local public radio station or dowload the podcasts.

 

Larry Bodine: Turning your bio into a magnet for business

As my regular readers know, I believe that most attorney biographies are a waste of valuable online real estate that only hit on one persuasive cylinder -- and not very well at that.

Marketing tools (and I include bios in this category) work best when they demonstrate three qualities (first outlined by Aristotle in his Rhetoric)  -- intelligence, good character (shared values) and friendliness (concern for the client).

Most attorney bios attempt to demonstrate intelligence through a boring list of credentials, and totally ignore shared values and client-centricity.  Intelligence can be further enhanced and client-centricity demonstrated by the use of good "case stories" (more than simple case citations) that show how you solve problems for clients.  Shared values can be demonstrated by personal quotes that demonstrate your personal and professional character.

Lawyer and consultant Larry Bodine elaborates on this subject in an excellent recent article, "Turning your bio into a magnet for business."

Smart lawyers turns their bios into a marketing magnet that generates leads, as opposed to a mere resume or a CV, which recites only your education and epxerience.  The trick is to turn a feature of yourself into a benefit to the client.

Bodine continues:

You may have a great resume, but it will just list all the place that you worked.  But when you go into practice, your bio should answer these questions:  What have you done for people?  What have you accomplished?  How have you helped people?  Can you give me some examples?  Writing a bio is completely different from a resume.  it really requires a mental shift.

I agree completely.  Invest in the re-writing of your attorney bio as a persuasive marketing document -- and then post this "profile" not only on your firm Web site, but also on the full range of relevant social networking and content sites.  By doing this, you can easily and inexpensively "own" the first page of search results for your name.

Best bios: Compelling case stories

Good biographies and profiles are more than a list of credentials.  They can stand alone as persuasive marketing pieces.  Their narrative sections have news value.  They also use compelling case stories and personal quotes to persuade.

I am a big fan of the use of case studies (which I like to call case stories) in online biographies.  In the courtroom, lawyers are great persuaders.  They know that they need to use evidence to prove their cases.  The same is true on an electronic biography.  You can't just say what you do in generic terms; you need to tell stories that illustrate how you actually do what you say you do.

In addition, a case story is a good way to  ndicate not only your skills, but also your values and contributions to the legal system as a professional services provider.

And when it comes to telling stories, the simple listing of a case citation does not cut it in a persuasive application like this.  I have seen countless lawyer  bios that include a long list of such citations -- which make a reader's eyes glaze over and do not tell a persuasive story.

A good case study should not be long and should tell a compelling story about how the lawyer solved a particular kind of legal problem for a client in a particular industry.  Unless the representation is particularly complex, I try to limit the case study to three or four sentences.

When working with a lawyer to write these stories, I seek the answers to the following questions:

1 -- What was the problem giving rise to the legal action?

2 -- What was the solution provided by the lawyer/firm?

3 -- What was the legal result?

4 -- What was the positive business or personal outcome for the client (financially and to reputation)?

Here's an example:

Do universities have a legal obligation to supervise a student’s personal, off-campus recreational activities? In University of Denver v. Whitlock, the Colorado Supreme Court said “no.” When a student who had been jumping on a trampoline at night in his fraternity house was seriously injured, the lower courts awarded a multi-million dollar judgment to the plaintiff. The Colorado Supreme Court reversed this decision and absolved the University of any liability

Obviously, it is essential that a lawyer or law firm achieve, in writing, permission from any client before using the client's name and representation information in any case study.  This is required by both confidentiality and publicity sections of the ABA and state codes of professional responsibility.  Contrary to popular opinion, this is true even if information about a case is already public on a court database or has been covered in the media.  This can be time-consuming -- but the use of actual cases as evidence is very powerful and well-worth the effort.

Failure to get permission can have dire consequences.  Last week, the law firm Quinn Emmanual published the amount of a confidential settlement in in its business litigation newsletter.  Facebook paid the firm's client, ConnectU, tens of millions to settle lawsuits accusing Facebook 's founder of stealing the idea for the successful social networking site.  Within hours, the law firm's snafu has spread far and wide over the Internet.

If you cannot get permission, it is posible to make the case study more generic -- as long as you do not use enough detail that the unwilling client can be identified.  Also, I have used hypothetical stories to demonstrate how a lawyer would approach a type of case -- but these must be clearly disclaimed as hypotheticals.  Getting permission and using names is the better alternative.

It is a good idea to use just three case studies on the main page of a bio.  I encourage my clients to use cases that are recent, newsworthy, and relevant to clients in the areas where they are actively seeking more business.  Others can be accessed via a link to "More cases."

Once they are written, there are many additional uses for these case studies or case stories.  They can appear in a lawyer's bio, but also in the practice area and community services sections of a Web site.  There can be a "case study" section on the site, where all cases are aggregated and searchable.  They can pulled for use in proposals and other marketing materials. They can be posted on outside egal content sites.

Research shows that a compelling story is much more persuasive and memorable to a client, potential client or reporter than any list of credentials.  Be sure to tell stories in your bios.

Best bios: Biographies are the most underutilized space on your Web site

Lawyer biographies are the most underutilized real estate on any law firm's Web site.  According to Web site analytics studies, bio pages are the "most visited" pages on any site - and yet they are often thrown together as an afterthought, rarely updated and rarely enhanced with an RSS feed to atttract the attention of search engines.  This is a serious mistake!  Most lawyer bios will rank far below the same lawyer's profile on sites like LinkedIn, JDSupra or LegalOnRamp.

There is no better way to differentiate you and your firm from your competitors than a persuasive  Web site bio.  The best new bios will function almost like mini-Web-sites for the lawyer involved -- offering a wealth of links to text, audio and visual samples of that lawyer's actual work product.

This is the first in a series of posts on Web site bios for professional services providers.  In this post, I would like to discuss the bio as a persuasive document.  According to Aristotle (and all modern advertisers), effective persuasion relies on three factors:  logos (logic), ethos (values) and pathos (feelings).

Most lawyer bios consist of a long, dry list of qualifications.   In other words, these bios are using only "logos" to persuade -- and not very well -- completely ignoring  the persuasive value of client values and client feelings.  In the courtroom, any trial lawyer knows how to use values and feelings as well as logic in order to persuade a judge or jury.  Why do they forget this lesson when it comes to persuading clients via their bios?

A good bio is interesting -- putting the compelling "news" about a particular lawyer up top rather than a dull list of areas of practice.  A good bio includes brief, interesting case studies that engage the reader and demontrate how a lawyer solves problems for clients.  A good bio lets you know what kind of person the lawyer is -- by including outside interests and first-person quotes.

I like to call this the "bumper sticker effect."  When you are caught in traffic behind another vehicle, you can tell a lot about the person in front of you by the vehicle's bumper stickers.  You can pretty much tell if you could have a civil conversation -- much less a relationship -- with that person.

Law is a relationship-based profession.  Your bio is your vehicle.  What do your bumper stickers tell a potential client about what it would be like to work with you?